STOP THE BLEEDING!

By Daily News Reporter

In a unified effort to address the critical issue of resource depletion in African nations, Zambia has joined Tanzania, Uganda, Cameroon, and Malawi in launching the “Stop the Bleeding” campaign. This initiative, championed by the African Forum and Network on Debt and Development (AFRODAD), aims to combat Illicit Financial Flows (IFFs)—resources lost due to debt repayments and financial leakage. IFFs drain essential resources needed for human rights and sustainable development, hindering economic growth and investment in crucial sectors like health and education.

According to the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD), countries with high levels of IFFs allocate significantly less to essential sectors compared to those with lower IFFs. For Zambia, the United Nations Economic Commission for Africa reports a 10% annual GDP loss due to corporate tax evasion, with copper trade mis-invoicing accounting for 65% of such incidents in Africa. 

These leakages impact the cost of servicing debt, which now averages around 10.6% of Africa’s GDP, compared to 6% for health spending. By advocating for transparency, accountability, and gender-responsive policies, the campaign seeks to halt the hemorrhage of national resources and promote sustainable development in Zambia.

 Protect the world’s children: Do not allow Tobacco to export kiddie packs of cigarettes to Zambia

By Daily News Reporter

"I urgently call to action to protect children and young adults from the harmful effects of tobacco," MASEBO 

she noted that Zambia has seen a significant increase in the sale and use of new and emerging tobacco and nicotine products, particularly among young people.

In a speech read on her behalf by Youth, Sport, and Arts Minister Elvis Nkandu during the launch of World No Tobacco Day in lusaka, she pointed out that 7,000 tobacco related deaths are recorded per year in Zambia.

She added that government has made progress in domesticating the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (WHO-FCTC) and has introduced the Tobacco Control Bill in Parliament.

"We, public health advocates in countries across the African continent have worked tirelessly for years for the adoption and implementation of tobacco control laws and policies. Just like in other countries have passed the law, these laws protect children, vulnerable populations and the general public in Africa," she said.

In Pakistan for example and many other countries, regulations don’t allow packs smaller than 20 cigarettes to be sold. These smaller packs of cigarettes, known as “kiddie” packs, make it easier, cheaper, and more likely those children will buy them. The 20-cigarette rule is a global standard.

In Pakistan, British American Tobacco(BAT) is pushing you to change regulations so that it can manufacture 10-stick cigarette packs and export them to Sudan. However, WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control in its Article 16 calls Parties to prohibit the sale of cigarettes in small packets, which increase the affordability of such products to minors. Consequently, Pakistan as a party to the Convention should not allow manufacturing of 10-stick cigarette packs.

British American Tobacco’s claim is that it will not sell kiddie packs in Pakistan, but only in Africa. It is unconscionable that British American Tobacco (BAT) thinks it is ok to change a law on one continent in order to target vulnerable populations on another. InSudan, and other countries in Africa, people need food, medicine and other lifesaving supports. What they do not need is kiddie packs of cigarettes that put them at increased risk of tobacco addiction, diseases and death. And once BAT gets kiddie packs into one country, they will make their way across Africa.

British American Tobacco claims to care about protecting children in some parts of the world, yet in Africa, it is scheming to hook more people into its addictive products and to increase cigarette consumption.

If a product is too dangerous for one country’s children, it is too dangerous for children anywhere. Putting other people’s children at risk of tobacco addition, disease and death is unacceptable.

"Do not put African kids at risk by changing the strong tobacco control regulations in zambia," she added.

What are the risk factors of type 2 diabetes?

By Daily news Reporter

Type 2 diabetes is the most common form of diabetes, and exercise and diet, along with medication, can help people manage it. There are two types of risk factors: some you can modify, and some you might not be able to modify. The generally non-modifiable risk factors include:

Family history of the disease race: African Americans, Asian Americans, Latino Hispanic Americans, Native Americans, or Pacific Islanders all have a higher risk for type 2 diabetes being over 45 years old a history of gestational diabetes, which develops during pregnancy depression having a baby that weighs over 9 pounds at birth having polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) Some typically modifiable or preventable risk factors include:

A sedentary lifestyle with little to no exercise

Hypertension, or high blood pressure

Obesity or being overweight

Heart or blood vessel disease and stroke

Low levels of “good” cholesterol or high-density lipoprotein (HDL)

High levels of the fats called triglycerides

An unhealthy diet

Sometimes, high blood pressure, high cholesterol, and other risk factors listed as modifiable can be hereditary or a result of other health conditions that cannot be avoided. However, experts say healthy diet changes and managing your modifiable risk factors can benefit anyone.

How does diet affect type 2 diabetes risk?

According to Dr Kelvin Kaunda (name Changed due to privacy) said that before the 1960s, type 2 diabetes was not nearly as common, but mass production of processed food had a huge impact on the global rates of the condition.

“Its prevalence surged with the global adoption of the Western diet rich in processed foods, refined carbohydrates, and animal proteins, contributing to the widespread rise in obesity and diabetes. Factors like familial dietary habits passed down through generations and socioeconomic conditions affecting access to diabetes-promoting foods also play significant roles in its development,” Dr Kaunda said.

"Diets high in refined sugars, processed foods, and animal proteins (high in saturated fats), typical of many Western countries, have been linked to higher rates of obesity and type 2 diabetes. In fact, we’ve seen the onset of diabetes emerge in countries like Mexico, China, and India after beginning to adopt Western eating styles.”

Dr.Kaunda added that Type 2 diabetes primarily stems from diet and lifestyle choices influenced by the widespread availability of processed foods and the promotion and glorification of unhealthy habits. Despite this understanding, it’s often perceived in healthcare circles as a lifelong condition necessitating medication.

While medications are vital for some, many individuals can effectively modify or even reverse this condition through dietary adjustments and lifestyle changes, often reducing or eliminating their need for medications over time,” Dr. Kaunda said.

 “Encouragingly, healthy habits can be passed down through generations, highlighting the critical importance of early nutrition education and government-led initiatives to ensure all communities can access and afford nutritious foods. These efforts should be central in research and health discussions surrounding type 2 diabetes and other chronic conditions influenced by diet and lifestyle choices.” He added.

 CSOs Raises awareness on Debt, Development, and Gender Justice

By Daily News Reporter

The Civil Society Organizations Debt Alliance in partnership with (CTPD) Centre for Trade Policy and Development held a National Conference on Debt and Development in Lusaka which is a significant platform for discussing critical issues related to debt management, sustainable development, and gender justice in Zambia. 

During at the conference Alex Muyebe, Chairperson of the Civil Society Organizations Debt Alliance, emphasizes the need for solutions that promote fiscal responsibility, transparency, and accountability in managing the country’s debt. These principles are essential for sustainable economic growth and stability in the country to develop.

He also highlighted the importance of ensuring that public resources contribute effectively to achieving national development goals. This aligns with Zambia’s commitment to the 8th National Development Plan and the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). These goals aim to address poverty, inequality, and environmental challenges.

The conference's theme was, “Debt, Development, and Gender Justice,” underscores the crucial role of gender equality in inclusive development. 

(© Copyright Reserved It belongs To Daily News Agency)

Also Gender justice ensures that opportunities are accessible to everyone, regardless of gender. It’s a fundamental aspect of sustainable progress.

The conference serves as a platform for dialogue, collaboration, and action. Participants discuss debt-related issues and explore ways to advocate for sustainable development. 

Meanwhile Shem Otieno, from Africa FORUM and Network on Debt and Development (AFRODAD), expects the meeting to raise awareness about resource mismanagement and advocate for inclusive development and respect for economic, social, and cultural rights.

And at the same forum the panelists highlighted on Domestic Resource Mobilization (DRM) which plays a crucial role in sustainable development and economic growth. 

They highlighted that Zambia currently relies on a mix of external and domestic financing, with a ratio of 70:30. However, there’s a strategic shift underway. By 2025, the country aims to rebalance this ratio to 45:55, favoring more domestic borrowing.

Also understanding Zambia’s domestic debt is essential for effective resource mobilization. Analyzing factors such as interest rates, repayment terms, and debt sustainability helps shape policies and strategies.

The point which come also Zambia’s mining sector remains pivotal in driving domestic resource mobilization. As the country seeks to reduce reliance on external financing, maximizing the mining sector’s contribution becomes crucial.

In summary, Zambia’s pursuit of sustainable development hinges on effective domestic resource mobilization. By optimizing domestic borrowing, managing debt, and leveraging key sectors like mining, the nation can enhance its economic prospects

This conference brings together stakeholders to address debt challenges, promote gender-responsive policies, and work towards a more sustainable and inclusive Zambia.

(© Copyright Reserved AND it belongs To Daily News Agency)

 KATUBA CONSTITUENCY PEOPLE ENJOYED THEIR WEEKEND

 

"Empowerment is the key to development of any community of the country, women and youth need to be engaged in national development.........Mwachikoka

By Daily News Reporter

Governance Activist Chooma Mwachikoka of KATUBA CONSTITUENCY spend his weekend with the people of katuba by empowering women and the youths in different skills programs.

During the handover of certificates and Equipements to over 57 groups in KATUBA CONSTITUENCY Governance Activist Chooma Mwachikoka highlighted the importance of empowering the community and Women’s empowerment is a crucial aspect of development, and it involves enabling women to have control over their lives, make informed decisions, and access opportunities and resources that were previously unavailable to them.

And Mr. Mwachikoka indicated that Education and Awareness " Empowering women often begins with education and awareness. By providing women with knowledge and information, we enable them to make informed choices and advocate for their rights," Mwachikoka said.

He added that Economic empowerment allows women to control and benefit from resources, assets, and income. It helps improve their well-being and resilience. For instance, increasing women’s empowerment in agriculture positively impacts food security and child nutrition.

"This Women’s empowerment enables them to make strategic life choices that were previously denied to them. This includes decisions related to education, career, family planning, and participation in public life," he added. (© Copyright Reserved)

Women faces Challenges and Progress, so they are need of Implementing programs and policies that empower women benefits not only individuals but also communities and nations. It enhances the quality and quantity of human resources available for development.

Women’s empowerment is about giving women the tools, knowledge, and agency to shape their own lives and contribute to the betterment of society. It’s a critical step toward achieving sustainable development goals and creating a more equitable world.

(© Copyright Reserved AND it belongs To Daily News Agency)

 

How Stress is linked to male fertility

By Daily News Health Reporter

Past research has associated stress with a number of health problems, including heart disease, asthma, obesity and depression. Now, a new study suggests stress can reduce sperm and semen quality, which could have implications for male fertility.

According to the American Society for Reproductive Medicine, in around 40% of infertile couples the male partner is the sole cause or contributing cause of infertility.

The main cause of male infertility is sperm abnormalities, including low sperm production or misshapen or immobile sperm. Medical conditions – such as undescended testicles or ejaculation problems – can lead to sperm abnormalities, as well as health and lifestyle factors.

Can Life stress ‘led to lower semen quality’?

Men who experienced two or more stressful life events in the past year had lower sperm quality than men who did not experience any stressful life events, according to researchers.

As part of our research study, the men were required to complete a series of tests that measured levels of stress, including that from the workplace, stressful life events and overall perceived stress.

They were also required to provide semen samples. Using standard fertility testing methods, researchers from the University Teaching Hospital (UTH), analyzed semen concentration, and sperm shape (morphology) and movement (motility) in each sample.

The researchers found that men who experienced two or more stressful life events in the past year had a lower percentage of sperm motility and a lower percentage of sperm of normal morphology, compared with men who did not experience any stressful life events. They note this finding remained even after accounting for other factors that may influence semen quality, such as age, other health problems and history of reproductive health problems.

Although workplace stress did not directly affect semen quality in the men, the researchers found that those who experienced job strains had lower levels of the hormone testosterone in their semen, which could affect reproductive health.

In addition, they found that regardless of the levels of stress experienced, men who were unemployed had lower semen quality than those who were employed.

How can stress affect semen quality?

Although the researchers are unable to pinpoint exactly how stress affects the quality of semen, they do present some theories.

They say stress could activate the release of glucocorticoids – steroid hormones that affect the metabolism of carbohydrates, fats and proteins – which could reduce testosterone levels and sperm production.

Furthermore, they say stress could trigger oxidative stress – physiological stress on the body caused by damage from unneutralized free radicals – which has been associated with semen quality and fertility.

And Dr Teresa Banda, (name changed for confidential) PhD Public Health, said:

“Stress has long been identified as having an influence on health. Our research suggests that men’s reproductive health may also be affected by their social environment.”

The researchers noted that this is the first study to use subjective and objective measures of stress and, as a result, find links with reduced semen quality.

And Gift Kalunga a Male resident of Mandevu Compound in Lusaka Zambia shared a story with Daily News Health Reporter that he had difficulties in producing to have good quality of semen,

“If I had not gone to the man’s clinic I would have low semen today, the doctors helped me with information on how to have good quality semen which required me to share with other men,” Kalunga said.

He further urged fellow men to visit any clinic nearby for more advance.

     

 

Male infertility and you

By Daily News Reporter

Infertility is an issue that can deeply affect an individual and their relationship. Advice is most often focused toward women, so in this Spotlight feature, we focus on infertility in men and provide some science-based tips for dealing with it.

Male infertility can be a heavy burden to bear. When the word “infertility” rears its worrisome head, most people first think about female infertility.

However, males are responsible for 20–30 percent Trusted Source of cases of infertility and “contribute to 50 percent of cases overall.”

Men and women tend to respond to the experience of infertility differently: historically, women have thought that men deal with the issue easier, but in reality, men are simply less likely to open up about their emotions.

Finding out that you are infertile can be a devastating experience. A man might feel less male and as if they have failed. Some men believe that their masculinity is wrapped up in their ability to give their partner a child, and so feeling that they have lost that ability can produce strong negative emotions.

Let see what causes male infertility?

Firstly, it is worth defining infertility. The World Health Organization Trusted Source (WHO) define it as “the inability of a sexually active, non-contracepting couple to achieve pregnancy in 1 year.”

In the majority of cases, male infertility is due to abnormal sperm. Sometimes there are low numbers of sperm, while sometimes there are none at all. Or, the sperm may not be great swimmers or be deformed in some way.

These issues can be caused in a number of ways, including:

Testicular infection

Testicular surgery

Varicocele, or varicose veins in the scrotum

Hypogonadism, or testosterone deficiency

Mumps

Radiotherapy

Cystic fibrosis

The list goes on. But often, there is no well-defined reason for the defective sperm. And in many cases, despite healthy sperm and no obvious issues with the partner’s reproductive health, conception remains difficult to achieve.

In some cases, it is impossible for a man to impregnate a woman, but this is relatively uncommon. In most situations, there is still a chance. If you have been trying for a particularly long time, it might feel as though there is no hope — but, generally, there is.

If you haven’t been to see an infertility specialist yet, you should consider it. They can pin down where the problem might lie and give general tips and advice. Talking with an expert also helps you to realize that you are not alone.

Also, there are options. For instance, many couples now conceive through in vitro fertilization (IVF).  According to the WHO’s of 2023 Rport stated that Large numbers of people are affected by infertility in their lifetime, according to a new report published today by WHO. Around 17.5% of the adult population – roughly 1 in 6 worldwide – experience infertility, showing the urgent need to increase access to affordable, high-quality fertility care for those in need.

The new estimates show limited variation in the prevalence of infertility between regions. The rates are comparable for high-, middle- and low-income countries, indicating that this is a major health challenge globally. Lifetime prevalence was 17.8% in high-income countries and 16.5% in low- and middle-income countries. It is vital to remember that there are other roads to be taken as you go through this troubling time.

Infertility is a disease of the male or female reproductive system, defined by the failure to achieve a pregnancy after 12 months or more of regular unprotected sexual intercourse. It can cause significant distress, stigma, and financial hardship, affecting people’s mental and psychosocial well-being.

And According to 30 years old George Phiri of Kaunda Square in Lusaka shares with us the tips to deal with the emotional and practical side of infertility.

1. Get the facts

First and foremost, find out what’s going on. If you just think that you are infertile, or making a baby hasn’t happened despite a year or so of trying, it’s time to get checked. There is no point beginning a journey into sorrow without knowing if it’s even justified.

Go to an expert, and get your sperm tested. Ask questions. Read as much as you can. Understand what your particular issue is, and what that means for your chances of conception.

2. Make plans

One of the toughest parts of dealing with male infertility is not knowing how long it will last. Making plans where possible can help you to feel that you are still in charge.

Set targets and limits. With your partner, discuss what procedures you are prepared to go for, and what emotional and financial levels you can both handle. Pregnancy is often the result of repeated efforts, whether through natural intercourse or fertility treatment. It will help no one if you both end up as financially ruined, desiccated emotional husks.

3. Take control

There are some scientifically proven ways to improve sperm quality. Often, the simple act of taking back some control can go a long way to help deal with infertility; it fights off that creeping sense of helplessness.

Eating right can improve both sperm quality and general well-being.

Eat right. In short, lay off meat products and stock up on veg. Understanding the exact impacts of overall food intake is difficult, but a diet including lean meats, vegetables, legumes, and grains seems to improve sperm motility.

Maintain the right weight. There are fairly strong links between being overweight and male infertility.

Reduce stress. No, I’m not kidding, even though it sounds like a joke. Infertility is stressing you out, which, in turn, might be making infertility worse. The section on coping strategies below offers some advice on minimizing the impact of stress…and breathe.

Get active. Although the link between physical fitness and sperm quality has not been definitively proven, being physically active will prevent obesity, which is certainly linked. Exercise also helps to relieve stress, so it’s worth getting sweaty. According to one study, bicycling for just 5 hours per week could do the trick.

He added that some of the family members and the community used to laugh at that he failed to produce a baby because of his infertility “ they used to laugh at me that am not a man enough to have a baby now with the help of the doctors am able to produce as a man” Phiri said.

Speak with a doctor about medications that could interfere with sperm production, such as calcium channel blockers, tricyclic antidepressants, and anabolic steroids.

“You know in life you can’t force it, and it may feel like the last thing on earth that you want to do — but it can help. It counts as exercise and stress relief at the same time. Put on a movie that you know will tickle you, or hang out with your friends for a bit. Don’t hide away in a darkened corner” He added.

The last word Infertility affects people in a range of different ways — both physically and emotionally. However you are dealing with it, it is important to remember that you are not alone and that there is help available. Keep active, talk, and treat your mind and body well.

 

 ADB SECURES $18 MILLION FOR ZAMBEZI RIVER BASIN PROJECT

By Daily News Reporter

African Development Bank secures $18 million Global Environment Facility (GEF) funding for Zambezi Basin and E-waste projects

The Zambezi River Basin project, estimated to cost $9.45 million, is expected to benefit millions through advancements in agriculture, fisheries, and dam operations

The African Development Bank (ADB) has secured more than $18 million in funding from the Global Environment Facility (GEF) for two major projects aimed at bolstering environmental sustainability and resilience across Africa.

The first project, "Strengthening Zambezi River Basin Management towards Climate Resilience and Ecosystem Health," has been allocated $10.57 million. This initiative aims to improve the collaborative management of water, energy, food, and environmental resources within the Zambezi River Basin, which spans eight southern African countries: Angola, Botswana, Malawi, Mozambique, Namibia, Tanzania, Zambia, and Zimbabwe.

The second project, the "Global Electronics Management (GEM) program (Horn of Africa Regional Child Project)," has received $7.83 million to address the growing challenge of electronic waste (e-waste) in Somalia, Djibouti and Ethiopia.

GEF approved the funding during its 67th Council meetings held in Washington DC, from 17-20 June 2024. Established ahead of the 1992 Rio Earth Summit, the Facility is the largest source of multilateral funding for biodiversity, addressing interrelated environmental challenges globally. The African Development Bank is one of its implementing agencies with direct access to its resources.

The Zambezi River Basin project, estimated to cost $9.45 million, is expected to benefit millions through advancements in agriculture, fisheries, and dam operations. It focuses on promoting transboundary cooperation, integrated planning, and adaptive management practices to boost the basin's resilience and ecosystem health.

The $60-million GEM program aims to significantly reduce e-waste generation and increase circularity in the electronics sector of developing countries.

Anthony Nyong, Director of Climate Change and Green Growth at the African Development Bank, stated, "Through these projects, the African Development Bank continues to lead the way in promoting environmental sustainability and resilience, driving positive change for both people and the planet." 

He added, "Over the years, we have also increased our interventions on issues related to chemicals and waste across the African continent."

These projects represent a continued commitment by the African Development Bank to foster sustainable development and resilience throughout Africa, addressing critical environmental challenges through innovative and collaborative approaches.

Details on Zambezi Bsin River:

The Zambezi Basin is an African drainage basin, and it holds several distinctions:

Size and Importance:

It’s the fourth largest river basin in Africa, following the Congo, Nile, and Niger basins.

The basin covers approximately 1.3 million square kilometers (about 4.5% of the continent’s area).

It spans eight countries: Zambia (40.7%), Angola (18.2%), Zimbabwe (18.0%), Mozambique (11.4%), Malawi (7.7%), Botswana (2.8%), Tanzania (2.0%), and Namibia (1.2%)1.

Zambezi River:

The Zambezi River flows eastward for about 3,000 kilometers from its sources on the Central African Plateau to empty into the Indian Ocean.

It’s a vital watercourse, supplying fresh water, electricity, and fish to the populations of the Zambezi Basin countries.

The river passes through immense wet plains, influencing the climate and supporting rich ecosystems of savannas and humid forests23.

 THE LINK BETWEEN DIABETES AND THYROID

By Daily News Reporter

Diabetes and thyroid disorders occur due to hormonal changes. Although growing evidence suggests a link between diabetes and thyroid disorders, researchers are currently unsure what connects them.

Thyroid disorders and diabetes are two of the most common conditions that endocrinologists treat. An “endocrine disorder” is any condition that affects the production and release of hormones.

People living with diabetes may be at a higher risk of developing a thyroid disorder and vice versa.

This article will discuss the relationship between diabetes and thyroid disorders in more detail.

Most Experts refer to both diabetes and thyroid disorders as endocrine disorders.

This term refers to medical conditions in which the endocrine system, which produces hormones, cannot function correctly. These conditions can have several potential causes, and because they affect hormones, they can lead to a wide range of symptoms.

The endocrine system consists Trusted Source of eight major glands throughout the body, including the thyroid and pancreas.

The thyroid is a butterfly-shaped gland that sits at the front of the neck. It produces hormones, such as thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3), which help regulate body processes. These processes include the following:

Metabolism

Mood

Breathing

Heart rate

In some cases, the thyroid may overproduce hormones, causing a condition called hyperthyroidism.

It can also underproduce hormones, leading to a condition called hypothyroidism.

Autoimmune conditions can often result in the development of these thyroid disorders. Hashimoto’s thyroiditis and Graves’ disease are common causes of hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism, respectively.

Diabetes

The pancreas is a gland in the abdomen that plays a role in the digestive system. It produces insulin, a hormone that helps blood sugar, also called glucose, enter cells, providing the cells and body with essential energy. Without enough insulin, a person may develop diabetes

Diabetes affects the body’s ability to process blood glucose. There are multiple types of diabetes, with type 1 and type 2 being the most common.

In type 1 diabetes, the immune system mistakenly attacks the pancreas, reducing insulin production.

Many variables may contribute to the development of type 2 diabetes, such as:

Genetics

Insulin resistance

Diet and lifestyle factors

The thyroid and blood sugar  

The thyroid secretes hormones that regulate a person’s metabolism. An imbalance in these hormones can affect Trusted Source blood sugar in several ways.

Excess thyroid hormone increases a metabolic process called lipolysis, which involves the breakdown of body fat into serum-free fatty acids, and the secretion of insulin and glucagon. The sum of these effects causes glucose metabolism to worsen, which can cause glucose intolerance and diabetes.

Glucagon is a hormone that the pancreas releases Trusted Source when a person experiences hypoglycemia, a condition in which their blood sugar levels are too low. The body stops releasing glucagon when the blood sugar levels return to a healthy range.

Research by daily News health reporter stated that according to a 2016 review on thyroid and blood sugar shows an excess of glucagon is the key factor in the development of diabetes.

A resident of Kanyama Compound in Zambia Beatrice shares a story: Living with diabetes and a thyroid disorder,

“Living with diabetes and a thyroid disorder has been tough, but I manage them carefully with support. For diabetes, I watch my diet, check my blood sugar, and stay active. I also take medication and see my endocrinologist regularly for my thyroid.

It’s intriguing how diabetes and thyroid problems are linked. They both involve the endocrine system. People with diabetes often have thyroid issues, and vice versa. So, I closely monitor both conditions and ensure my doctors know my full medical history.

Managing both conditions means living a healthy lifestyle and getting specialized care. Following my treatment plan helps me stay healthier and improves my quality of life.”

 IS THERE A CANCER VACCINE?

By Daily News Health Reporter

Cancer vaccines exist both to prevent different types of cancer and to treat them. Developing a cancer vaccine is a difficult process, but there are many trials in progress that could provide a vaccine for more types of cancer in the future.

Vaccines are medicines that train the body’s immune system to fight disease.

There are two types of cancer vaccine. One targets the viruses that can cause cancer. This will only work if a person receives them before they have exposure to the virus.

Doctors can also use some vaccines to treat some types of cancer. These tend to help stop the cancer from coming back or from spreading.

This article will explain what a vaccine is and which vaccines doctors use to prevent or treat cancer. It will also look at which cancer vaccines we might expect to see in the future.

Vaccines to prevent cancer

dragana991

Some viruses can cause certain types of cancer. Vaccines to prevent cancer work by helping the body fight the virus.

Immune cells are part of the body’s defense against harmful molecules, such as viruses. Each immune cell has proteins, called immune receptors, on its surface. Viruses also have proteins on their surface. These are called antigens.

Receptors and antigens are unique to each immune cell and each virus. They fit together like a lock and key. When an immune cell finds the antigen that “fits” in its lock, it binds to it and destroys the virus.

Sometimes, the body might not have immune cells with the right receptors to fight the virus. Vaccines to prevent cancer work by training the immune cells to recognize the virus.

The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) have approved two vaccines to prevent cancer: the human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine and the hepatitis B vaccine.

Let us talk about HPV Vaccine:

HPV vaccine

According to our research the American Cancer Society Trusted Source shows that HPV is very common. 

Many cases affect people in their late teens or early 20s.

How can a person catch HPV?

A person can catch HPV if they come into contact with someone who already has the virus. This might be during Trusted Source:

anal sex

vaginal sex

oral sex

Since HPV can cause no symptoms, a person may not realize that they have it.

What can HPV cause?

According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)Trusted Source, the virus usually goes away by itself and does not cause any further health conditions.

For some people, however, HPV can cause:

cervical cancer

vulvar cancer

vaginal cancer

penile cancer

throat cancer

oropharyngeal cancer, which affects the mouth and throat (specifically the tongue and tonsils)

Some experts do not know why some people with HPV will go on to develop cancer while others will not.

Who should have the HPV vaccine?

The CDC Trusted Source recommends that all children receive the HPV vaccine as early as possible, ideally around the ages of 11–12 years.

The American Cancer Society Trusted Source do not recommend the HPV vaccine for anyone over the age of 26 years.

How do doctors give the vaccine?

The vaccine usually requires two doses, with the second dose arriving 6–12 months after the first.

Children who receive the first dose after the age of 15 years will need three doses over the course of 6 months.

What of Hepatitis B:

Hepatitis B vaccine

The hepatitis B virus (HBV) attacks the liver. In some people, it only lasts for a few weeks Trusted Source. Doctors call this acute HBV infection.

In other people, HBV is a long-term illness that doctors call chronic HBV infection.

What can hepatitis B cause?

Hepatitis B can lead to cirrhosis, or scarring of the liver, and liver cancer.

How can a person catch hepatitis B?

Hepatitis B spreads through bodily fluids, such as blood and semen. It can also pass to a fetus during pregnancy. People may also catch it through:

sharing razors or toothbrushes

having sex

sharing needles or syringes for drug use

Who should have the hepatitis B vaccine?

The CDC Trusted Source recommend that doctors give infants their first dose at birth.

Anyone under the age of 19 years who has not received the vaccine should ask their doctor for it.

Unvaccinated people in the following at-risk groups should also request a vaccine:

(a) people whose sexual partners have HBV 

(b)sexually active people who are not in a monogamous relationship

(c)people who are undergoing testing or treatment for a sexually transmitted infection

(d) Males who have sexual contact with males

(e) people who share equipment for injecting drugs

(f) healthcare and public safety workers who may come into contact with other people’s blood or bodily fluids

people in corrections facilities

survivors of sexual assault

people who are traveling to areas with high rates of HBV

people who are living with the following conditions:

chronic liver disease

HIV

diabetes

How do doctors give the hepatitis B vaccine?

The vaccine can come in the form of two, three, or four stages of injections.

In most cases, people who have received the HBV vaccine will be immune to the virus for life.

Vaccines to treat cancer

Like viruses, cancer cells also have antigens on their surface. However, immune cells do not usually have the right receptors to bind to them.

Vaccines to treat cancer tend to work by helping the immune system find, bind to, and destroy cancer cells.

Vaccines for cancer treatment can:

prevent cancer from returning

kill cancer cells that have remained in the body following treatment

prevent a tumor from growing or spreading

Doctors can use vaccines alongside other cancer treatments, such as chemotherapy.

Current cancer-treating vaccines

So far, the FDA have only approved the following vaccines Trusted Source to treat cancer in the U.S.:

BCG live: This vaccine can treat early-stage bladder cancer.

Sipuleucel-T: This vaccine can treat prostate cancer.

Talimogene laherparepvec Trusted Source: This vaccine can treat melanoma.

Vaccines to treat cancer must cater to an individual’s needs. Scientists build each medicine to target the antigens on that person’s particular cancer cells.

(End of Part 1)

 

GLAE TO ENGAGE IN ENERGY SOLUTIONS AT AEF 2024, BARCELONA

By Daily news reporter

 

GL Africa Energy (GLAE), a premier pan-African energy solutions provider and subsidiary of the Janus Continental Group, is set to send a high-level delegation to the Africa Energy Forum (AEF) 2024, which will be held from June 25-28 in Barcelona, Spain. The delegation will include Group Chief Executive Officer Mr. Kevin Teeroovengadum, Chief Executive Officer of Power Dr. Brian Mushimba, Ph.D., and Head of Financing and Fundraising Mr. Divya Bagrecha. These leaders will engage with energy experts, investors, and key stakeholders from across Africa and the globe to discuss critical issues related to power generation, infrastructure development, and access to sustainable, affordable energy on the continent.

 

Ms. Kawiria Rincuni, Marketing Manager at Janus Continental Group, highlighted the strategic importance of GLAE's participation, stating, "The primary purpose for attending AEF is business development and stakeholder engagement. From an energy perspective, it's an opportunity to lay the foundation for our vision and commitment to deliver reliable, accessible, and cleaner energy solutions across East, Central, and Southern Africa."

She added, "The forum allows us to drive conversations around the energy crises in the region, affecting countries like Zambia, and propose tangible solutions to address the urgent need for stable energy supplies."

 

Dr. Mushimba emphasized GLAE's role as a comprehensive energy solutions provider, tailoring its offerings to the African market. "With an audience of key power sector stakeholders at this conference, we shall engage and share insights, ideas, and strategies to tackle the pressing energy challenges facing sub-Saharan Africa. AEF arrives at an incredibly crucial time for a region grappling with growing energy deficits, crippling power shortages, and the existential threat of climate change. Investing in a diversified, climate-resilient energy mix has become an urgent priority. Our solutions leverage a strategic mix of technologies customized to meet the unique requirements of potential customers across the region."

 

Dr. Mushimba also stressed the critical role of governments in establishing conducive environments for private sector growth and energy development through investments.

"We will impress upon government officials the necessity of creating enabling policies, robust legal frameworks, and liberalized energy markets,"

He added that if governments can provide that foundational support through progressive regulations and upholding the rule of law, the private sector can deliver innovative, sustainable energy solutions that spur economic growth and improve livelihoods.