Zambia Steps Up Fight Against Silent Killers
By Daily News Reporter
In a modest home on the outskirts of Lusaka and in all the provinces of Zambia, a knock on the door in the coming weeks could mark the beginning of a life-changing moment. Not just for one household—but for an entire nation.
Zambia is preparing to roll out a nationwide STEPS Survey, a critical health assessment that aims to uncover the growing burden of non-communicable diseases (NCDs). At the forefront of this effort is Professor Roma Chilengi, Director General of the Zambia National Public Health Institute (ZNPHI), who describes the initiative as “a vital step in understanding the true state of our nation’s health.”
For years, Zambia’s health priorities have largely focused on infectious diseases. But a quieter, more insidious crisis has been unfolding—one that does not spread through contact, yet claims thousands of lives each year.
Conditions such as high blood pressure, diabetes, cancer, and heart disease are steadily rising. They often go undetected until complications emerge, making them far more dangerous.
“These are not diseases you see immediately,” Prof. Chilengi explains. “They develop over time, influenced by how we live, what we eat, and how active we are.”
Globally, non-communicable diseases account for nearly three-quarters of all deaths, according to the World Health Organization. And in Zambia, they now contribute to nearly 30 percent of all deaths—a figure that continues to climb.
To confront this challenge, Zambia is turning to the STEPS Survey—a globally recognised method developed by the World Health Organization to measure NCD risk factors with precision and consistency.
It begins with conversation. Trained health workers will sit with individuals, asking about daily habits—what they eat, whether they smoke, how often they exercise. These simple questions reveal patterns that shape long-term health.
Next come the measurements: blood pressure checks, weight, height, and waist circumference. For many participants, this may be the first time they learn whether they are at risk.
Finally, a small finger-prick test will provide deeper insights into blood sugar and cholesterol levels—key indicators of diseases that often go unnoticed.
“It’s a complete picture,” said Prof. Chilengi. “We are not just collecting numbers—we are understanding lives.”
The urgency of this survey lies in Zambia’s changing lifestyle landscape. Rapid urbanisation, shifting diets, and reduced physical activity are increasing exposure to NCD risk factors.
In urban areas, hypertension affects more than a third of adults. Obesity and diabetes are also on the rise, while tobacco use continues to drain billions from the economy through related illnesses.
The last STEPS Survey was conducted in 2017. Nearly a decade later, the country stands at a different crossroads—economically, socially, and demographically.
“We cannot rely on outdated data,” Prof. Chilengi emphasises. “We need current evidence to act decisively.”
From April to June 2026, the survey will cover all ten provinces, reaching over 5,700 adults aged between 18 and 69. It is being implemented by the Ministry of Health, with ZNPHI providing technical leadership and coordination.
The effort is supported by key partners, including the Zambia Statistics Agency and the National Food and Nutrition Commission, with technical backing from the World Health Organization.
Together, these institutions are working to ensure that the data collected is not only accurate, but actionable.
For participants, the benefits are immediate. Health checks conducted during the survey can reveal early warning signs of serious conditions. A high blood pressure reading or elevated blood sugar level could prompt timely medical intervention—potentially preventing life-threatening complications.
Equally important is the assurance of safety and confidentiality. Participation is voluntary, procedures are minimally invasive, and personal information is strictly protected.
Each participant represents many others across the country. Their responses contribute to a national dataset that will shape Zambia’s future health policies, including the next National NCD Strategic Plan.
The insights gathered will guide government decisions on where to invest, which communities to prioritise, and how best to design prevention programmes.
Whether it is scaling up screening services, promoting healthier diets, or strengthening public awareness campaigns, the survey will serve as a roadmap for action.
It also aligns Zambia with global efforts to reduce premature deaths from NCDs, in line with international development goals.
As survey teams begin their work, Prof. Chilengi is urging citizens to participate fully and honestly.
“If your household is selected, you are representing the nation and Your participation helps us build a healthier Zambia.” Prof Chilengi said.
But beyond opening doors to survey teams, there is a broader call—to rethink everyday choices.
Reducing salt intake, staying physically active, avoiding tobacco, and seeking regular health checks are simple steps that can dramatically lower the risk of NCDs.
In the end, the STEPS Survey is more than a scientific exercise. It is a moment of reflection for a nation in transition.
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